Eight Bells - Doug Peterson

The sailing world lost one of its great talents, US yacht designer Doug Peterson, this week, on the 22nd anniversary of the day that one of his former America's Cup teams, Team New Zealand, won the Cup. Peterson was a major force in leading edge IOR design in the 1970s and 80s, starting off with his breakthrough One Tonner Ganbare.  

The 1973 One Tonner Ganbare, seen here in a 2016 regatta in the Mediterranean (photo Histoiredeshalfs)

Tribute articles can be found on Scuttlebutt here and here, and his contribution to New Zealand's winning effort in the America's Cup in 1995, is here. Some of his famous boats from the IOR era are presented in the gallery below.

The centreboard One Tonner B-195 sailing in the 1977 One Ton Cup (photo Jenny Green)

Eclipse - top individual yacht in the 1979 Admiral's Cup

Acadia (to windward of another Peterson design Forte) on her way to Class C and overall honours in the 1980 SORC

Louisiana Crude - the top performer in the 1981 SORC, but later sold and her place in the US Admiral's Cup team was taken up by 4th placed Intuition (below)

 Container 79 and Almagores thunder downwind during the 1983 Admiral's Cup

Scarlett O'Hara - top individual yacht in the 1983 SORC, and top inshore yacht in that year's Admiral's Cup

The maxi yacht Midnight Sun performed strongly in the 1983 SORC

Secret Love, a Peterson 45 during the 1984 SORC - winner of Class C (photo Larry Moran)

Legende - One Ton design, competing in the 1985 SORC

A tribute Facebook page has been set up for Doug by his family here. The family are keen to receive any photos and other records about Doug's designs, which will be sent to a major university museum with all his drawings and papers.

Lobo and Sidewinder (Reichel/Pugh 43)

Sidewinder was the debut boat for the new design duo of Jim Pugh and John Reichel - they had left Doug Peterson's office to branch out on their own, and Sidewinder was owner Randy Short's first boat of any sort after he had sold his supermarket business in Australia to Safeway. Sidewinder, a 43-footer, shared some characteristics of the Peterson-designed Serendipity 43, of which Scarlett O'Hara was one of the most notable - she was the winner of the 1983 SORC, and top inshore boat of that year's Admiral's Cup. 

Reichel/Pugh adopted some of the Serendipity 43 parameters for their new design but gave Sidewinder slightly more sail area, as well as a considerably greater righting moment (RM), by 11%. The increase in RM was due to a number of factors - she initially had 800lbs less internal ballast than Scarlett O'Hara, much of which was in her keel instead; her up-to-date hull and deck construction, including two full-length longitudinals, which saved weight up high; and had 3.5 inches less freeboard than Scarlett, which lowered the weight of the deck and hardware. Sidewinder initially rated 33.6ft, slightly more than Scarlett's 33.2ft, but this was brought down for the 1985 US Admiral's Cup trials to 33.0ft.

Sidewinder rounds a top mark ahead of High Roler during the 1985 US Admiral's Cup trials (photo Sail magazine)

Sidewinder was the stiffest boat of the 1985 SORC group of Class D 43 footers, with a low tenderness ratio of 96, and her race results in her first season in 1984 bore this out. She won her class in that year's Clipper Cup in Hawaii (8th overall), edging out New Zealand's Shockwave, and was overall winner of the Round the State Race. She was third in class (even as the smallest boat) in the breezy 1984 Big Boat Series in San Francisco (again, just ahead of Shockwave). From her deck plan (below), it can be seen that Sidewinder was the most symmetrically-balanced between bow and stern, with narrower aft sections than was becoming typical at the time, this being an effort to provide a more easily driven hull form in confused seas.  

Lobo powers upwind during the 1985 SORC

A second boat to the Reichel-Pugh design was launched in December 1984 for owner Roger Livingston, being the silver hulled Lobo. This later boat is thought to have been constructed with a more advanced layup, and carried a slightly lower rating than Sidewinder, at 32.8ft. Livingston attracted a star line up for his boat, with Dennis Conner on the helm and Tom Whidden as tactician. 

Sidewinder (left) leads Lobo (centre) and Mokuahi and Mandrake (right) during a light air race in the 1985 SORC (photo Paul Mello)

Lobo takes her slip at the St Petersburg Yacht Club during the 1985 SORC (photo 'cadee' Sailing Anarchy Forums)

Both boats competed in the 1985 SORC, in a year where unusual weather conditions caused some upsets in the overall results. The SORC was more of a build-up event for Admiral's Cup hopefuls that year, with the team to be decided later in May in a trials series held in Newport, Rhode Island. After the fourth race, Conner reported that they "were hanging on by their fingernails", noting that Lobo is a "good windward-running boat not best suited to these reaching conditions". He proved this point by subsequently finishing top boat in class in the final 23-mile upwind/downwind Nassau Cup Race, to finish third yacht in Class D, and tenth yacht overall. Sidewinder was less impressive, finishing 11th in Class D, and 25th overall.

Lobo running downwind during the 1985 SORC

The message that small boats were required for the Admiral's Cup was well understood by 1985, and the US selectors had imposed a 33.7ft rating ceiling for their trial series. The rating ceiling meant that one of the stars of the 1985 SORC, the Farr 43 Snake Oil (34.1ft) could not compete in the trials. Still, the US trials attracted no less than 39 boats, including a big number of One Tonners. Held in May, it held some tests for the crews due to temperatures so cold that crews could see their breath - perhaps a good practice run for British weather. "Here I was", said one crewmember later, "out there in the middle of the night in the pouring rain trying to qualify for something worse".

Lobo during the 1985 Brenton Reef Series and US Admiral's Cup trials (photo Phil Uhl)

The comparative deck layouts of the US Admiral's Cup team yachts - note the narrow stern sections of Sidewinder

The Nelson/Marek 43 High Roler was the best performer, posting a consistent set of results with a third, two seconds and a sixth. Sidewinder bounced back from a disappointing SORC effort to be back on the pace in Newport with Paul Cayard as the new helmsman. Steve Taft and Skip Allan, with a successful Imp campaign behind them, also joined the boat. After the SORC, 640lbs of lead was removed from her keel and 140lbs put back as internal ballast. 

Sidewinder

Lobo

High Roler and Lowell North's Nelson/Marek 42 Sleeper established themselves as front runners for the US team places, Sidewinder and Lobo were left to fight it out for the third spot. Lobo had performed erratically - while she was the only yacht to win two races, she also posted a 27th in the first windward-leeward. But she effectively eliminated herself in the second distance race with a 22nd. Conner had wanted to the dodge the tide soon after the start and headed between rocks known as the Dumplings, through a gap which looked close on any chart. In Tim Jefferey's account in the official history of the Admiral's Cup, tactician Whidden was reported to have muttered "This is one of the stupidest things I've ever been involved in", moments before impact at a full six knots. Livingston also called it a "dumb stunt" - Lobo finished fourth overall and lost her place to Sidewinder.

Denmark, France, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea joined the British in selecting an all One Tonner line-up for the 1985 Admiral's Cup. Indeed, 34 of the 57 boats in the fleet were rated at or near the 30.0ft minimum. Against that trend, the US team was comprised of three boats rating near the maximum limit set by the selectors. It did not prove to be a winning combination.

Sidewinder had a dismal start in the first race in the first race of the Admiral's Cup, after she hit Canada's Amazing Grace when the tiller came apart in the skippers hands as he tried to duck her stern, and had to take a 50% penalty, as did Sleeper when she clipped the stern of a One Tonner.

Sidewinder at the start of the Channel Race in the 1985 Channel Race (photo courtesy Jonathan Eastland/Ajax)

Another photo of the Channel Race start, with Sidewinder to leeward of Sweden's Carat (photo Phil Uhl | Facebook)

While High Roler had a fantastic second race, winning by two minutes on corrected time, Sleeper and Sidewinder came unstuck after leading early on the Island shore when the breeze faded as they tried to come back to the mainland. The Channel Race was a small boat benefit with plenty of fresh air reaching. On the leg to France, Sidewinder watched a One Tonner hitch a lift on her quarter wave for a free tow, but then break off to sail on her own - faster. Sidewinder, rating a full 2.5ft higher, promptly latched onto the quarter wave of the smaller, faster boat.

High Roler

The fourth race, in Christchurch Bay and away from the variable breezes and capricious tides of the Solent, was more to the US team's liking, and they finished as top team of the day, by a full 50 points over Germany. High Roler was third, Sleeper fourth and Sidewinder sixth. The team's efforts were, however, subsequently undermined by a poor showing in the Fastnet, another windy affair. Before striking out across the Irish Sea, the Sidewinder team decided that enough was enough - with no chance of winning they retired to Plymouth. Sleeper boxed on and was performing well, in second place, when her mast broke after a shroud jumped out of the spreader tip. Only High Roler went on to finish, but that effort could only salvage a lowly ninth place for the US.

Lowell North's Nelson/Marek 42 footer Sleeper

High Roler and Sidewinder were both rushed back to the US for the 1985 Big Boat Series, where they joined Lobo for this prestigious, and typically windy, event. High Roler won her division, racing for the Atlantic Perpetual trophy, ahead of Shockwave and Sidewinder. Lobo sailed in a different division, and she sailed with her second keel and, with Tom Whidden on the helm, demonstrated such upwind speed that she handily won three races and took the Keefe-Kilborn Perpetual trophy. 

Lobo - this photo is possibly from the 1985 Big Boat Series

Owner Livingston was encouraged to take a spot in the US Southern Cross Cup team, but he had his eye on the 1986 SORC. With Conner on the helm again, and a lower rating (32.5ft) Lobo finished third in Class D (and 10th overall) - beaten by a new Irwin 42 Slick and Sleeper. Lobo's series included such highs and lows as a loss by just one second to Sleeper on corrected time in the Nassau Cup race, and an eighth and 15th in class in the St Petersburg to Ft Lauderdale and Miami to Nassau races, yet posting a class win and two seconds in other races. Lobo had the better of High Roler and Sidewinder however, who finished sixth and 11th in the same class.

Lobo (left) during the 1985 Big Boat Series

Lobo at the start of the Ocean Triangle race during the 1986 SORC (photo John A Glynn | Facebook)

Livingston had a new Sidewinder commissioned for 1987, again designed by Reichel/Pugh but longer at 44.6ft and fractionally rigged, with a rating of 35.18ft. She sported a fairly aggressive elliptical shaped keel, as had become fashionable at the time and was described as a relatively long boat with a moderate sailplan. Interestingly, she had started as a 42-foot design, but it then became clear that a 45-footer would better round out a competitive Admiral's Cup team who at that time also needed a good One Tonner on the squad. The 42-foot hull and deck built by Esprit Yachts sat around until picked up by southern Californian Don Hughes, who finished it and named her Quintessence, and went on to dominant SoCal big boat racing in the late 1980s with help from Dave Ulman in Newport Beach.

Livingston's new Sidewinder (photo John A Glynn | Facebook)

Sidewinder lost her rig during the 1987 SORC but competed in the Brenton Reef Series which formed the basis of the US Admiral's Cup trials, where she joined Insatiable and Blue Yankee. For the Admiral's Cup the rating was trimmed to 34.99ft, and she performed strongly in the inshore races, winning the Nyrea Trophy for the top inshore yacht, and finished fourth on overall points with placings of 3/20/5/2/14. 

The Sidewinder crew line the rail during the 1987 Admiral's Cup - complete with pink wet weather gear to match the yacht's spinnaker (photo Seahorse)

Sidewinder during the 1987 Admirals Cup (photo Seahorse)

Sidewinder during the 1987 Admiral's Cup (photo Seahorse)

Sidewinder (left) and Camouflage approach a windward mark during the 1987 Big Boat Series (photo Phil Uhl | Facebook)

Both Lobo and Sidewinder went on to compete in the 1987 Big Boat Series and Sidewinder then formed part of the US team for the 1987 Southern Cross Cup, alongside Jubilation (Frers 60) and chartered Australian yacht Drakes Prayer. The US team had a dramatic and inauspicious return to the series. Drakes Prayer was T-boned by Australia's Venture One in the first race, and the team was the centre of controversy after officials boarded yachts after the second race and cited the Hong Kong yacht Switchblade and Sidewinder for incorrect measurement figures. Switchblade accepted a 10 percent-of-placings penalty, but the US team, incensed by the citing that related Sidewinder's measurement discrepancies (what skipper John Bertrand called "nitpicking") to the blatant cheating that had been exposed in the I-Punkt scandal several months prior, threatened to withdraw from the series. Fortunately, after a flurry of talks, postponements, press conferences, and a public apology from the host club, the Cruising Club of Australia, the matter was dropped and the US team returned to the racing. However, Sidewinder was later dismasted during the Sydney-Hobart race finale while leading the 150-boat fleet, and the team slumped from third place to finish fifth in the team standings.

Lobo seen here rounding a weather mark during the 1987 Big Boat Series, just ahead of the former New Zealand yacht Equity (Farr 43) (photo Phil Uhl)

Sidewinder competing in the 1987 Big Boat Series (photo Sharon Green/Ultimate Sailing)

The original Sidewinder sailing in Mexorc, 2016

The second Sidewinder went on to become Scamp, seen here in more recent times (photo Facebook)

It is understood that Lobo went on to race on the Great Lakes (Lake St Claire and Lake Huron) during the late 1980s and through the 1990s, and after conversion to IMS won the Audi Quattro award as Boat of the Week at the 1991 Key West Race Week. Unfortunately she was lost in a marina fire in Michigan in January 1998, along with a number of other racing yachts. The 44-foot Sidewinder was relocated to Mexico in the late 1980s, and competed in the Mexorc regatta in 2016 (photo above).

Article updated April 2026

Backlash (Everitt 43)

Backlash was an interesting design from the board of English yacht designer Julian Everitt. Backlash was commissioned by Tim and Cathy Herring, who wanted an Admiral's Cup design and they were prepared to give Everitt a free hand to be adventurous with his interpretation of the IOR. They were also prepared to allow the results to come slowly at first, and to develop the boat somewhat empirically.

The design was somewhat radical, with a very low freeboard for her length, although this was an emerging design feature at the time in the One Ton fleet, with the Humphrey's designed Jade being perhaps one of the most extreme examples. While a masthead design was initially chosen for Backlash, this borrowed some fractional attributes, with a mast placed further forward than typical for this rig type, allowing for a larger mainsail and resulting in a high aspect ratio foretriangle. The boat featured a well thought-out deck layout, with twin wheels set well forward allowing good visibility for the helmsman, and the navigators hatch was placed aft of this position, and behind the mainsheet traveller.  

Above and below, Backlash in her original masthead configuration in 1985 (photos Facebook)

Backlash was built in Cowes by Vision Yachts, of a high-tech mix of Kevlar, carbon-fibre and epoxy. The hull when removed from the original plug weighed just 270kg. The ring frames and longitudinals and glass fibre floors gave enormous strength and rigidity. The hydraulic backstay could be pumped up to 5,000kg on the forestay load cell, with just 10mm hull deflection. If she lacked anything, it was in her stability, and she benefited enormously from having an extra few crew on her rail. She displaced 7,484kg, and rated 33.6ft IOR, and flew a mix of Banks, Sobstad and McWilliams sails from a tapered four-spreader mast.

Backlash's original elliptical keel, which sported an angled cut at the bottom of the leading edge (photo Seahorse)

Backlash acquitted herself well in her first season in 1985 and showed remarkable speed upwind and down, winning Class I in Cowes Week with four firsts - the Queen's Cup, the Viscount Marchwood Cup, the Sir Walton Preston Cup and the prestigious Brittania Cup, and five firsts in Burnham Week including the Town Cup. The boat was also declared the RORC Yacht of the Year in 1985, and was awarded the Beken Concours D'Elegance. 

Backlash on her way to winning the Sir Walter Preston Cup in 1985 (photo Facebook)

Backlash was, however, unsuccessful in the British Admiral's Cup trials in that same year, with a place on the British team being keenly sought with over twenty new boats launched. She did compete in the Fastnet Race, which was considered the most unpleasant since 1979 - and after losing her no.4 jib soon after the start, Backlash comfortably loped around the course. The Herrings had wanted to race their new yacht all over the world, and the Fastnet experience gave them the confidence to sail the boat to the US.

One of Backlash's discarded keels (photo Julian Everitt | Facebook)

Backlash winning the Britannia Cup in 1985 (photo Facebook)

The new bulb keel and canard feature in this half-model of Backlash (photo Facebook)

The Herrings also didn't want to miss any opportunities to improve the boat's performance, even if this meant changes to significant components of the boat, including the keel. While she was raced in her first season with a 'conventional' elliptical keel, Everitt subsequently designed a radical canard-type keel, which was considered to be worth the penalties that it attracted under the IOR (with respect to the Moveable Appendage Factor component of the rule) - her rating is recorded as having increased to 33.84ft at the 1986 SORC. This was a new keel with a laminar flow bulb projecting forward of the foil, complemented by a centreboard-style canard which was lifted when not on the wind to reduce wetted surface area. The new keel was set further aft, and was smaller and shallower than the original, with the canard placed 1.8m forward.

Backlash racing to Nassau during the 1986 SORC (photo Facebook)

Backlash during the 1986 SORC (photo Facebook)

Backlash during the 1986 SORC (photo John A Glynn | Facebook)

Further development is evident from photographs of the yacht, where it is apparent that the rig was changed to a fractional set up, although for the 1986 SORC she was still masthead-rigged. Her original long and elegant sloping transom was changed to a more upright profile, enabling crew weight to be placed further aft. This may have been carried out before changes to the IOR circa 1988 which enabled such amendments without affecting the after girth station measurements.

Backlash in her new mode (circa 1987) with a more upright stern treatment (photo Peter Ludlow)

The winter of 1986 was spent in the US, where she competed in the SORC (5th in Class 3, but 34th overall) and the Antigua Race Week and Onion Patch Series before the Herrings sailed her back to begin racing on Britain's south coast again. At this point the new canard keel made a regular appearance (photo right, and inset showing the carnard). A reasonably successful Cowes Week in 1986 was followed by further success in Burnham Week, where Backlash again won the Town Cup and the Week's Points Trophy. She went on to win the Queen Victoria Cup, but after again missing out on British team selection for the 1987 Admiral's Cup, she finished third in the 'SPC' regatta held that year against the international Admiral's Cup fleet.

A full view of the underbody of Backlash in Cowes at the time of the 1987 Admiral's Cup (photo Facebook)

Backlash moored in Burnham after winning the Town Cup for the third time in 1987 (photo Julian Everitt | Facebook)

Backlash during the 1987 Admiral's Cup trials

Backlash berthed at the Queen Ann Battery marina at the end of the 1987 Fastnet Race (photo Shockwave40 blog)

The following photographs are believed to be from 1989, where the boat was known as Toys for the Boys after being purchased by Malcolm Gusgott.

Toys for the Boys leaving Lymington Marina, circa 1989 (photo Shockwave40 blog)

Toys for the Boys heading into Lymington Marina circa 1989 (photo from Shockwave40 blog)

Designer John Corby designed a new hull and keel for the boat in 1998, when she became Incisor, where the deck, rig, rudder, steering, deck gear and engine were all retained but with the various updates and replacements over the years, the deck is now the only original remaining part of Backlash.

Article updated January 2025